Animal arms races

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چکیده

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Arms Races and Car Races

Evolutionary car racing (ECR) is extended to the case of two cars racing on the same track. A sensor representation is devised, and various methods of evolving car controllers for competitive racing are explored. ECR can be combined with co-evolution in a wide variety of ways, and one aspect which is explored here is the relative-absolute fitness continuum. Systematical behavioural differences ...

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Arms Races and Negotiations

Two players simultaneously decide whether or not to acquire new weapons in an arms race game. Each player’s type determines his propensity to arm. Types are private information, and are independently drawn from a continuous distribution. With probability close to one, the best outcome for each player is for neither to acquire new weapons (although each prefers to acquire new weapons if he think...

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When Are Arms Races Dangerous?

Are arms races dangerous? This basic international relations question has received extensive attention.1 A large quantitative empirical literature addresses the consequences of arms races by focusing on whether they correlate with war, but remains divided on the answer.2 The theoretical literature falls into opposing camps: (1) arms races are driven by the security dilemma, are explained by the...

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The Econometrics of Military Arms Races

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Nature

سال: 1980

ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687

DOI: 10.1038/288023a0